Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Discovery date Discovered by Nicholas Louis Vauquelin Origin of the name The name is derived from the Greek name for beryl, 'beryllo'.
Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. Appearance The description of the element in its natural form. Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially.
Uses and properties. Image explanation. Beryllium is used in gears and cogs particularly in the aviation industry. Beryllium is a silvery-white metal.
It is relatively soft and has a low density. Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools.
Mixing beryllium with these metals increases their electrical and thermal conductivity. Other beryllium alloys are used as structural materials for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and communication satellites. Beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays so ultra-thin beryllium foil is finding use in X-ray lithography. Beryllium is also used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator of neutrons.
The oxide has a very high melting point making it useful in nuclear work as well as having ceramic applications. Biological role. Beryllium and its compounds are toxic and carcinogenic. If beryllium dust or fumes are inhaled, it can lead to an incurable inflammation of the lungs called berylliosis. Natural abundance. Beryllium is found in about 30 different mineral species. The most important are beryl beryllium aluminium silicate and bertrandite beryllium silicate. Emerald and aquamarine are precious forms of beryl.
Help text not available for this section currently. Elements and Periodic Table History. The gemstones beryl and emerald are both forms of beryllium aluminium silicate, Be 3 Al 2 SiO 3 6. Others preferred the name beryllium, based on the gemstone, and this is now the official name. Atomic data. Glossary Common oxidation states The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom.
Oxidation states and isotopes. Glossary Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. Relative supply risk An integrated supply risk index from 1 very low risk to 10 very high risk.
Recycling rate The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. Substitutability The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Reserve distribution The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves.
Political stability of top producer A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Political stability of top reserve holder A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. Supply risk. Relative supply risk 8. Young's modulus A measure of the stiffness of a substance. Shear modulus A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material.
Bulk modulus A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. Vapour pressure A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. Pressure and temperature data — advanced. Listen to Beryllium Podcast Transcript :.
You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by Chemistry World , the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Hello, this week to the element that the Big Bang forgot but which has bounced back as the stuff that the world's best springs are made from. It's also given us gorgeous gemstones, spark proof tools for the oil industry and a deadly lung condition.
Only hydrogen, helium and lithium were formed during the Big Bang itself. The next element, beryllium, is relatively rare in the universe because it is also not formed in the nuclear furnaces of stars. It takes a supernova, in which heavier nuclei disintegrate, to make this metal.
Earlier plans to use beryllium on a large scale in the aerospace industries did not materialise even though it lightness and strength made it seem an ideal metal for such purposes. At one time it was even thought that beryllium powder would be used as a fuel for rockets on account of the colossal amount of heat which it releases when it is burnt.
Now less than tons of metal are refined each year because it is dangerously toxic. Course content. About this free course 20 hours study. Level 1: Introductory. Course rewards. Free statement of participation on completion of these courses.
Create your free OpenLearn profile. Course content Course content. Unclear about nuclear? Free course Unclear about nuclear? What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is the electric charge of a carbon nucleus? Question 3 Calculate the mass numbers of: a. Answer a. The nucleus of normal hydrogen contains one proton, so the mass number is 1. The nucleus of deuterium contains one proton and one neutron, so the mass number is 2. The nucleus of normal helium contains two protons and two neutrons, so the mass number is 4. Table 3 Some isotopes of the eight lightest elements. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but a different mass number.
The stability of isotopes is discussed in Section 2. Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of the nuclei of some isotopes. Protons are coloured red and labelled with p, and neutrons green and labelled with n.
Long description. Table 4 The constituents of atoms: subatomic particles. Up to two in s orbitals and up to 6 in p orbitals. The 4 electrons in Be go into the 1s and 2p orbitals first. The 2p orbitals are at slightly higher energy and so do not have any electrons.
If you were to excite the Be atom then it is possible to have an electron in a 2p orbital. Bit of a facepalm here Thanks for the answers. I miss general chemistry Show 1 more comment.
Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Aidan Cooney Aidan Cooney 26 2 2 bronze badges. Add a comment. James Gaidis James Gaidis Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. May 26, Dec 06, Recommended for you. Researchers observe Marcus inverted region of charge transfer from low-dimensional semiconductor materials 12 hours ago. Nov 08, Study reports the ferroelectric switching of spin-to-charge conversion in germanium telluride Nov 04, Nov 04, Load comments 4.
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