Antidiuretic hormone ADH is a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced. A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine. A low level results in greater urine production.
Normally, the amount of ADH in the body is higher during the night. This helps prevent urination while you are sleeping. But if the levels of ADH remain low during the night, the body will produce large amounts of urine, so urination during the night is more likely.
Sometimes this hormone system develops slowly in children and prevents the normal nighttime increase in ADH. This can increase the risk of Bedwetting during the night.
Chronic hyponatremia is associated with nervous system problems such as poor balance and poor memory. When your body's sodium level drops too much, it can be a life-threatening emergency. Call your provider right away if you have symptoms of this condition.
Vasopressin, diabetes insipidus, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; chap Verbalis JG. Disorders of water balance. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Editorial team. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Common situations when ADH is released into the blood when it should not be produced inappropriate include: Medicines, such as certain type 2 diabetes drugs, seizure drugs, antidepressants, heart and blood pressure drugs, cancer drugs, anesthesia Surgery under general anesthesia Disorders of the brain, such as injury, infections, stroke Brain surgery in the region of the hypothalamus Lung disease, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, chronic infections Rare causes include: Rare diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary Cancer of the lung, small intestine, pancreas, brain, leukemia Mental disorders.
Often, there are no symptoms from a low sodium level. When symptoms do occur, they may include any of the following: Nausea and vomiting Headache Problems with balance that may result in falls Mental changes, such as confusion, memory problems, strange behavior Seizures or coma, in severe cases. Higher water concentration increases the volume and pressure of your blood. Osmotic sensors and baroreceptors work with ADH to maintain water metabolism.
Osmotic sensors in the hypothalamus react to the concentration of particles in your blood. These particles include molecules of sodium , potassium , chloride , and carbon dioxide. Normal ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories.
ADH levels that are too low or too high can be caused by a number of different problems. Too little ADH in your blood may be caused by compulsive water drinking or low blood serum osmolality , which is the concentration of particles in your blood. A rare water metabolism disorder called central diabetes insipidus is sometimes the cause of ADH deficiency. Central diabetes insipidus is marked by a decrease in either the production of ADH by your hypothalamus or the release of ADH from your pituitary gland.
Common symptoms include excessive urination, which is called polyuria , followed by extreme thirst, which is called polydipsia. People with central diabetes insipidus are often extremely tired because their sleep is frequently interrupted by the need to urinate. Their urine is clear, odorless, and has an abnormally low concentration of particles.
This disorder is not related to the more common diabetes , which affects the level of the hormone insulin in your blood. If the condition is acute, you may have a headache , nausea , or vomiting. In severe cases, coma and convulsions can occur. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is another very rare disorder that may affect ADH levels.
The signs and symptoms are similar to central diabetes insipidus. They include excessive urination, which is called polyuria, followed by extreme thirst, which is called polydipsia. Testing for this disorder will likely reveal normal or high ADH levels, which will help distinguish it from central diabetes insipidus. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is not related to the more common diabetes mellitus, which affects the level of insulin hormone in the blood.
A healthcare provider will draw blood from your vein, usually on the underside of the elbow. During this process, the following occurs:. Many medications and other substances can affect the levels of ADH in your blood.
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