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Science Coronavirus Coverage U. Travel A road trip in Burgundy reveals far more than fine wine. Travel My Hometown In L. Travel The last artists crafting a Thai royal treasure. Subscriber Exclusive Content. Why are people so dang obsessed with Mars? How viruses shape our world. The era of greyhound racing in the U. See how people have imagined life on Mars through history. Renewable energy is energy from sources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited; renewable resources are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time.
Until the mids, wood was the source of nearly all of the nation's energy needs for heating, cooking, and lighting. From the late s until today, fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—have been the major sources of energy. Hydropower and wood were the most used renewable energy resources until the s.
Since then, the amounts of U. Total U. In , renewable energy provided about Click to enlarge. Renewable energy can play an important role in U. Using renewable energy can help to reduce energy imports and reduce fossil fuel use, which is the largest source of U. The Reference case generally assumes that current laws and regulations that affect the energy sector, including laws that have end dates, remain unchanged throughout the projection period.
The potential effects of proposed legislation, regulations, or standards are not included in the AEO Renewable energy explained. What is energy? Units and calculators. Use of energy. Energy and the environment.
Also in What is energy? Early usages included mechanical power for transformation activities, such as milling and sawing, and for irrigation. As well, rivers have been used for transportation purposes, such as moving logs from forests to industrial centers. Currently, hydroelectricity is the major form of usable energy produced from flowing water. To produce hydroelectricity, the water flow is directed at the blades of a turbine, making it spin, which causes an electrical generator connected to the turbine to spin as well and thus generate electricity.
The amount of energy extracted from flowing water depends on the volume of water and its speed. Usually, a hydroelectric station is built at a sharp incline or waterfall to take advantage of the speed gained by the water as a result of gravity. Dams are built at some locations to help regulate the flow of water and, therefore, the electricity generation.
Canada has many rivers flowing from mountainous areas toward its three bordering oceans. In , Canada had hydroelectric stations with 78, megawatts of installed capacity.
These stations include small hydroelectric facilities, that is, facilities with a nameplate capacity of 50 megawatts or less, and they together represent 3.
The bars of different heights show provincial capacities as follows:. All the hydroelectric stations in Canada generated This accounted for Canada is the second largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world. Hydroelectric stations have been developed in Canada where the geography and hydrography were favourable, particularly in Quebec. Other areas producing large quantities of hydroelectricity include British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba, and Ontario.
Bioenergy comprises different forms of usable energy obtained from materials referred to as biomass. A biomass is a biological material in solid, liquid or gaseous form that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy.
Excluded from this definition is organic material that has been transformed over long periods of time by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. Several types of biomass can be used, with the proper technology and equipment, to produce energy. The most commonly used type of biomass is wood, either round wood or wood waste from industrial activities.
Wood and wood waste can be combusted to produce heat used for industrial purposes, for space and water heating, or to produce steam for electricity generation. Through anaerobic digestion, methane can be produced from solid landfill waste or other biomass materials such as sewage, manure and agricultural waste.
Sugars can be extracted from agricultural crops and, through distillation, alcohols can be produced for use as transportation fuels. As well, numerous other technologies exist or are being developed to take advantage of other biomass feedstock. With its large landmass and active forest and agricultural industries, Canada has access to large and diversified biomass resources that can be used for energy production.
Currently, bioenergy is the second most important form of renewable energy in Canada. Historically, the use of wood has been very important in Canada for space and water heating, as well as for cooking. It is still important today, as 4. Every year, over petajoules of energy from wood are consumed in the residential sector, representing more than 7 per cent of residential energy use. The most important type of biomass in Canada is industrial wood waste, especially waste from the pulp and paper industry, which is used to produce electricity and steam.
Every year, more than petajoules of bioenergy are used in the industrial sector. The pulp and paper industry is by far the largest industrial user of bioenergy, which accounts for more than half of the energy used in this industry. At the end of , Canada had 70 bioenergy power plants with a total installed capacity of 2, megawatts, and most of this capacity was built around the use of wood biomass and spent pulping liquor, as well as landfill gas.
In , 8. Most of the biomass-fired capacity was found in provinces with significant forestry activities: British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and New Brunswick. Biofuels — or fuels from renewable sources — are a growing form of bioenergy in Canada. In , Canada accounted for 2 per cent of world biofuels production 5 th highest in the world after the United States, Brazil, the European Union and China.
There are two main biofuel types produced in Canada: ethanol a gasoline substitute and biodiesel a diesel substitute. The principal agriculture feedstock for producing ethanol, in Canada includes corn, wheat and barley.
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