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While serotonin and dopamine are both implicated in mood regulation, how the two interact to modulate behavior is still a largely unanswered question. In our study, we asked, what happens to mouse behavior if we prevent serotonin neurons from receiving dopaminergic signals? Drd2-Pet1 neurons shown in green in the dorsal raphe of the mouse brain. Serotonin and dopamine shown in purple and white, respectively.
In rodents, most dopamine-producing neurons express receptors for serotonin, affording serotonergic neurons influence over dopamine-regulated reward processing and motor control. Unlike dopamine, the body stores the majority of serotonin in the gut, instead of in the brain. Serotonin helps regulate mood, body temperature, and appetite. Having too much or too little of either neurotransmitter can cause psychological and physical symptoms.
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Learn more here. Dopamine and serotonin: Brain chemicals explained. Medically reviewed by Heidi Moawad, M. Dopamine Serotonin Differences Relationship Related conditions Summary Dopamine and serotonin are chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters, that help regulate many bodily functions. What is dopamine?
Share on Pinterest Dopamine and serotonin play an important role in sleep and emotional well-being. What is serotonin? Because both dopamine and serotonin affect mood, they are thought to play a role in mood disorders like depression. For example, researchers have observed decreased levels of serotonin in people with depression and other types of mental illness, like anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
However, that doesn't mean low levels of serotonin cause depression, Stover says. Depression is a complex disorder caused by a combination of many different factors including family history , stressful life events, and trauma.
Therefore, low levels of serotonin may be part of the picture, but probably won't fully explain why depression occurs. While a low level of serotonin alone isn't a direct cause of depression, medication targeting the chemical can improve depressive symptoms.
For example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs , a common type of antidepressant , increase serotonin in the brain. This improves communication between brain cells and can help lift your mood. Low levels of dopamine can also cause some symptoms of depression , such as lack of motivation and loss of pleasure in activities that you once enjoyed.
Long-term or chronic stress can also lead to elevated cortisol levels — a hormone released as a stress response. High levels of cortisol reduce the production of both serotonin and dopamine and have been linked to depression, says Nicole Avena , PhD, an assistant professor of neuroscience at Mount Sinai Medical School and a visiting professor of health psychology at Princeton University.
Dopamine and serotonin are both neurotransmitters that are involved in many similar bodily functions, though they have key differences in how they affect behavior. Overall, dopamine and serotonin work together to help regulate mood, and low or elevated levels of either hormone may negatively impact your mental health. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. Get the Insider App.
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